5G • Spectrum
FR1 vs FR2
5G Frequency Range 1 (Sub-7GHz) & Frequency Range 2 (mmWave)
The two primary 3GPP frequency spectrum classifications defining 5G NR operating bands, numerology, and channel bandwidths.
Technical Explanation
3GPP defines two main frequency domains for 5G NR: • FR1 (Sub-7 GHz): 410 MHz to 7125 MHz. Offers balanced coverage, deep building penetration, and high capacity. Channel bandwidths up to 100 MHz. Common bands include n78 (3.5 GHz), n77, n41, and low-bands n71, n28. • FR2 (mmWave): 24.25 GHz to 71.0 GHz (FR2-1 and FR2-2 extending past 52 GHz). Offers ultra-wide channels (up to 400 MHz per carrier), enabling massive multi-gigabit throughputs with line-of-sight propagation. Common bands include n257 (28 GHz), n258 (26 GHz), n260 (39 GHz), and n261.
Key Functions
- FR1 provides nationwide coverage, mobility, and high urban capacity
- FR2 mmWave delivers hyper-dense hotspots (stadiums, transport hubs, dense urban canyons, private factories)
- FR1 uses 15 kHz, 30 kHz, or 60 kHz Subcarrier Spacing (SCS)
- FR2 uses 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz SCS
Specifications
3GPP TS 38.101-1 (FR1), TS 38.101-2 (FR2), TS 38.104
Interfaces
Uu RF Physical Layer
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